What Happens After a Telemedicine Visit for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Evaluation

Audience: pediatric

After a telemedicine visit for Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) evaluation, families can expect clear guidance on next steps to reduce the risk of infection after potential exposure to HIV. The healthcare provider will review the exposure details, discuss the benefits and risks of starting PEP, and may prescribe medication if appropriate. Typically, PEP should begin as soon as possible, ideally within 72 hours of exposure. Follow-up care often includes monitoring for side effects, adherence support, and repeat testing to confirm HIV status. Telemedicine allows for quick access to expert advice without needing to travel, but it may require in-person visits for lab tests or emergencies. Caregivers should watch for warning signs like severe allergic reactions or symptoms of infection and seek urgent care if these occur. This guide helps families understand what to expect after a telemedicine PEP evaluation and how to stay safe.

Red flags — go in person / ER

• Severe allergic reaction signs such as swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or difficulty breathing — seek emergency care immediately.
• High fever, rash, or severe stomach pain during PEP treatment — contact your healthcare provider urgently.
• Persistent vomiting or inability to keep medication down — seek medical advice promptly.

What telemedicine can do

• Initial risk assessment and counseling for PEP eligibility.
• Prescribing PEP medication when appropriate.
• Providing instructions on medication use and side effect management.
• Scheduling follow-up appointments and answering questions.

What telemedicine cannot do

• Performing blood tests or lab work, which often require in-person visits.
• Managing severe allergic reactions or emergencies.
• Administering intravenous treatments or injections.
• Providing care for complications requiring physical examination or hospitalization.

What to Expect Immediately After Your Telemedicine Visit

After your telemedicine visit, your healthcare provider may prescribe PEP medication if the exposure risk is significant. You will receive instructions on how to take the medication, possible side effects, and the importance of starting treatment quickly — ideally within 72 hours of exposure. The provider may also arrange for lab tests, such as HIV testing, which might require an in-person visit or referral to a local clinic.

Taking PEP Medication Safely

PEP usually involves taking a combination of antiretroviral medicines daily for 28 days. It's important to take all doses exactly as prescribed to maximize protection. Common side effects can include nausea, fatigue, or headaches, but these often improve over time. If side effects become severe or you have trouble taking the medication, contact your healthcare provider promptly.

Follow-Up Care and Testing

Your provider will likely recommend follow-up HIV testing at several points after exposure — often at 4 to 6 weeks and again at 3 months. These tests confirm whether PEP was successful and that no infection has occurred. Follow-up visits may be done in person or through telemedicine, depending on your situation and local resources.

When to Seek Emergency Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you or your child develop symptoms such as rash, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, severe stomach pain, or persistent vomiting. These may signal a serious allergic reaction or other complications needing urgent treatment.

How Telemedicine Supports Your Care

Telemedicine helps you quickly connect with healthcare providers for PEP evaluation and guidance without needing to travel. It allows for timely assessment and prescription of medication. However, some services like blood tests or emergency care require in-person visits. Your provider will guide you on when to seek face-to-face care.

How to prepare for your tele-visit

• Gather details about the possible HIV exposure, including when and how it happened.
• Have a list of current medications and allergies ready.
• Prepare to share your child's medical history with the provider.
• Ensure a private, quiet space for the telemedicine visit.
• Have a way to take notes or record instructions from the provider.

After your tele-visit

• Start PEP medication as soon as prescribed, ideally within 72 hours of exposure.
• Follow medication instructions carefully and complete the full 28-day course.
• Monitor for and report any side effects or warning signs to your provider.
• Attend scheduled follow-up visits or testing appointments.
• Practice safe behaviors to prevent future exposures.

FAQs

How soon should PEP be started after exposure?

PEP should be started as soon as possible, ideally within 72 hours after potential exposure to HIV. The sooner it begins, the more effective it is in preventing infection.

Can PEP prevent HIV infection completely?

PEP significantly reduces the risk of HIV infection if taken correctly and started promptly, but it is not 100% effective. Following all instructions and completing the medication course is essential.

What if my child misses a dose of PEP medication?

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for the next dose. Do not double up doses. Contact your healthcare provider for guidance.

Are there side effects from PEP medication?

Some people experience side effects like nausea, fatigue, or headaches. These usually improve over time. Contact your provider if side effects are severe or persistent.

Will my child need HIV tests after finishing PEP?

Yes. Follow-up HIV testing is typically done at 4 to 6 weeks and again at 3 months after exposure to confirm that HIV infection has not occurred.

Sources

1. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
2. HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) — MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV — Mayo Clinic.
4. HIV Prevention: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) — National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).

This telemedicine guidance is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for in-person medical care. If you have urgent symptoms or concerns, seek immediate medical attention.