How to measure temperature, pulse, and breathing rate at home

Audience: all

Measuring your temperature, pulse, and breathing rate at home can help you monitor your health and decide when to seek medical care. Temperature shows if you have a fever, pulse tells you how fast your heart beats, and breathing rate indicates how well you are breathing. This guide explains simple, safe ways to check these vital signs using common tools like thermometers and your own fingers. Knowing how to measure these signs accurately can help you track changes in your health and share important information with healthcare providers during telemedicine visits or in-person appointments. Always follow instructions carefully and repeat measurements if needed for accuracy. If you notice any serious symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.

Red flags — go in person / ER

• Temperature above 39°C (102.2°F) or below 35°C (95°F) — seek urgent medical care.
• Pulse consistently above 120 beats per minute or below 40 beats per minute, especially with dizziness or chest pain — get immediate help.
• Breathing rate above 30 breaths per minute or difficulty breathing — call emergency services promptly.

What telemedicine can do

• Guidance on how to measure vital signs at home.
• Interpretation of common vital sign ranges.
• Advice on when to seek in-person care based on measurements.

What telemedicine cannot do

• Diagnosing medical conditions based on measurements.
• Emergency care for severe symptoms.
• Prescribing medications or treatments.

How to Measure Your Temperature

Use a digital thermometer for the most accurate reading. Clean the thermometer before use. You can measure temperature orally (under the tongue), under the armpit, or rectally (for infants). Place the thermometer correctly and wait until it signals the reading is complete. Normal body temperature is usually around 36.5–37.5°C (97.7–99.5°F), but it can vary. Avoid eating, drinking, or exercising right before measuring oral temperature for best results.

How to Check Your Pulse

Use your index and middle fingers to feel the pulse on your wrist (radial pulse) or neck (carotid pulse). Press gently until you feel the heartbeat. Count the beats for 30 seconds and multiply by two to get beats per minute. A normal resting pulse for adults is typically 60–100 beats per minute, but this varies by age and fitness level. If you have trouble finding your pulse, try adjusting finger placement or ask someone to help.

How to Measure Your Breathing Rate

Rest quietly and breathe normally. Count how many breaths you take in 60 seconds by watching your chest rise and fall. One breath includes one inhalation and one exhalation. Normal adult breathing rate is usually 12–20 breaths per minute. Try not to let the person know you are counting to avoid changing their breathing pattern.

Tips for Accurate Measurements

\1

How to prepare for your tele-visit

• Have a clean digital thermometer ready.
• Find a quiet, comfortable place to rest for a few minutes before measuring.
• Wash your hands before handling any equipment.
• Have a watch or clock with a second hand or use a timer on your phone.
• Prepare a notebook or app to record your readings.

After your tele-visit

• Record your temperature, pulse, and breathing rate with date and time.
• Share your measurements with your healthcare provider during telemedicine visits.
• Follow any additional instructions given by your healthcare provider.
• Monitor your symptoms and repeat measurements as advised.
• Seek urgent care if you notice any red flag symptoms.

FAQs

Can I use any thermometer to measure my temperature?

Digital thermometers are preferred for accuracy and safety. Avoid using mercury thermometers due to safety risks. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for your specific thermometer.

How often should I check my vital signs at home?

Frequency depends on your health condition. For monitoring illness, checking 2-3 times a day may be helpful. For routine monitoring, once daily or as advised by your healthcare provider is typical.

What if I can't find my pulse?

Try different locations like the wrist or neck. Use light pressure and ensure your fingers are placed correctly. If you still cannot find it, ask someone to help or consult a healthcare provider.

Is it normal for my breathing rate to change during the day?

Yes, breathing rate can vary with activity, stress, or position. Measure it when you are at rest for the most consistent reading.

When should I contact a healthcare provider based on my measurements?

Contact a provider if you have a fever above 38°C (100.4°F) with other symptoms, a very fast or slow pulse, or breathing difficulties. Use the red flags section as a guide for urgent signs.

Sources

1. Measuring Your Temperature — MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2. How to Check Your Pulse — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
3. Respiratory Rate Assessment — Mayo Clinic.
4. Vital Signs Overview — Merck Manuals Consumer Version.

This guide provides general information about measuring vital signs at home and is not a substitute for professional medical care. If you experience serious symptoms or have concerns about your health, seek in-person evaluation promptly.