Red flags & when to go in person for Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea)

Audience: pediatric

Menstrual cramps, also called dysmenorrhea, are common in young people who have periods. These cramps usually cause pain in the lower belly before or during a period. Most menstrual cramps can be managed at home with rest, heat, and over-the-counter pain medicines. However, some symptoms may need a healthcare provider's in-person evaluation to make sure there is no serious problem. This guide helps young people and their caregivers know when to seek in-person care and when telemedicine visits may be helpful. It also explains what telemedicine can and cannot do for menstrual cramps. Remember, this information is educational and not a diagnosis. If you have severe or unusual symptoms, it is important to get evaluated in person.

Red flags — go in person / ER

• Severe pain that does not improve with over-the-counter pain relievers — seek in-person care promptly.
• Heavy menstrual bleeding soaking through a pad or tampon every hour for several hours — get urgent evaluation.
• Fever, vomiting, or signs of infection along with cramps — see a healthcare provider in person immediately.

What telemedicine can do

• Providing advice on managing typical menstrual cramps.
• Discussing safe use of over-the-counter pain medications.
• Answering questions about menstrual health and symptoms.
• Guiding when to seek in-person care.

What telemedicine cannot do

• Performing physical exams to check for underlying conditions.
• Ordering or performing diagnostic tests such as ultrasounds or lab work.
• Treating severe or unusual symptoms that require immediate attention.
• Managing heavy bleeding or signs of infection requiring urgent care.

What Are Menstrual Cramps?

Menstrual cramps are pain in the lower belly that happens before or during a period. They are caused by the uterus tightening to help shed its lining. Many young people experience cramps, which can range from mild to strong. Cramps often improve with time and simple care at home.

When to Use Telemedicine for Menstrual Cramps

Telemedicine can help if your cramps are typical and you want advice on managing pain, using heat, or taking medicines safely. A healthcare provider can talk with you about your symptoms, suggest treatments, and answer questions without needing to meet in person.

When to See a Healthcare Provider In Person

You should see a healthcare provider in person if you have:

These signs may mean there is a more serious problem that needs a physical exam or tests.

How to Prepare for a Telemedicine Visit

Before your telemedicine appointment:

What Happens After a Telemedicine Visit

After your telemedicine visit, follow the advice given by your healthcare provider. This may include trying home treatments or taking medicines. If your symptoms change or get worse, you may need to see a provider in person. Keep track of your symptoms and follow up as directed.

How to prepare for your tele-visit

• Note the start date and duration of your menstrual cramps.
• Record the severity and type of pain you are experiencing.
• List any other symptoms such as bleeding amount, fever, or nausea.
• Have a list of current medications or supplements ready.
• Find a quiet, private space with good internet or phone connection for the visit.

After your tele-visit

• Follow the healthcare provider's advice on pain management and home care.
• Monitor your symptoms for any changes or worsening.
• Seek in-person care if red flag symptoms develop or persist.
• Schedule follow-up appointments if recommended.
• Use a symptom diary to track future menstrual cycles and cramps.

FAQs

What causes menstrual cramps?

Menstrual cramps are caused by the uterus contracting to help shed its lining during your period. These contractions can cause pain in the lower belly.

Are menstrual cramps normal for young people?

Yes, many young people experience menstrual cramps, especially in the first few years after their periods start. They often improve over time.

When should I worry about my menstrual cramps?

You should talk to a healthcare provider if your cramps are very severe, do not get better with pain medicine, or if you have heavy bleeding, fever, or other unusual symptoms.

Can telemedicine help with menstrual cramps?

Telemedicine can be useful for discussing your symptoms, getting advice on managing pain, and learning when to see a provider in person.

What can I do at home to relieve menstrual cramps?

Using a warm heating pad on your lower belly, resting, and taking over-the-counter pain medicines like ibuprofen can often help relieve cramps.

Sources

1. Menstrual Cramps — MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2. Dysmenorrhea — National Library of Medicine.
3. Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea) — Mayo Clinic.
4. Menstrual Health and Disorders — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

This telemedicine guidance is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for in-person medical care. If you experience severe, worsening, or unusual symptoms, seek immediate medical attention in person.